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- <text id=94TT0702>
- <title>
- May 30, 1994: Middle East:Changing the Guard
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- May 30, 1994 Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MIDDLE EAST, Page 47
- Changing the Guard
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Israel completes its pullback from Jericho and the Gaza Strip,
- but not without glitches and gunfire
- </p>
- <p>By Lisa Beyer/Jericho--With reporting by Ron Ben-Yishai and Jamil Hamad/Jericho
- </p>
- <p> It was clear from the start how Ammar Shawa, 12, died. His
- family was posing for photographs with newly arrived Palestinian
- soldiers in Jericho when one of them allowed Ammar's 13-year-old
- brother to handle a loaded AK-47 rifle. It went off, accidentally,
- and the bullet shattered the younger boy's head. Immediately,
- local activists of the Palestine Liberation Organization put
- out a story to townsfolk that withdrawing Israeli soldiers had
- deliberately left the rifle behind to cause an accident. Later
- they said that an Arab collaborating with Israel had given the
- boy the gun, and then that ammunition left by the Israelis had
- exploded and caused the fatal accident. Only a few hours later,
- the P.L.O. came clean: one of its men was to blame, the organization
- said, and he had been arrested and jailed.
- </p>
- <p> The story illustrates two phenomena: how Palestinians automatically
- blame Israel for trouble of any kind, and how they are beginning
- to unlearn the reflex that has become so deeply ingrained. Says
- Sa'eb Erakat, a leading P.L.O. figure in Jericho: "It is a huge
- transition that we must make in our mentality."
- </p>
- <p> The difficult metamorphosis began in earnest last week when
- the Israelis completed their withdrawal from two enclaves of
- Palestinian self-rule, one surrounding Jericho in the West Bank,
- the other covering most of the Gaza Strip. In both areas, civilian
- affairs were turned over to P.L.O. control, as was public order
- and safety. To replace the occupying forces, some 3,000 Palestinian
- troops, arriving from exile mostly in Egypt, Iraq and Jordan,
- were put to work as soldiers and policemen--a force that is
- to eventually grow to 9,000.
- </p>
- <p> In the Gaza Strip there was trouble from the start. As Israeli
- soldiers pulled out of their last outpost in the city of Gaza,
- they were pelted with stones by Palestinian demonstrators. Yet
- stones could prove to be the least of Israel's problems. Under
- the self-rule agreement, about 5,000 Jewish settlers remain
- in the Gaza Strip. They are protected by Israeli soldiers and--at least in theory--by P.L.O. forces against Palestinian
- militants, especially Muslim extremists who remain opposed to
- peace with Israel. After the turnover, Jewish settlers were
- fired at and wounded on four occasions in the Gaza Strip; in
- a drive-by attack, militants killed two Israeli soldiers manning
- a roadblock just inside the zone.
- </p>
- <p> Guarding the roads on which the settlers and other Israelis
- travel through the autonomous regions is the task of joint Israeli-Palestinian
- patrols. In the strip, the Israelis complained, such missions
- were scarcely functioning--because, they said, Palestinian
- security men were not showing up. A high-ranking Israeli military
- officer characterized the situation as "almost total anarchy."
- </p>
- <p> By contrast, calm prevailed in Jericho, a generally peaceful
- town where militants have never gained a foothold. There, 730
- Palestinian peacekeepers found themselves directing traffic
- and helping tidy up the city. "They are highly professional
- and give people a sense of security," said Emad Barahmeh, a
- Jericho shopkeeper. An Israeli lieutenant colonel concurred:
- "I have only compliments for their performance."
- </p>
- <p> Joint patrols were also working well in Jericho. Two vehicles,
- one from each side, cruised the area together, flying bright
- saffron flags, their occupants communicating in Arabic, Hebrew
- and sometimes English on Israeli-issued Motorola radios. Said
- an Israeli soldier: "They were our enemies, but now we work
- together. We made the switch." His Palestinian counterpart added,
- "We are friendly with them, trading water, food and hot drinks."
- </p>
- <p> While cooperation was building mutual confidence in Jericho,
- P.L.O. Chairman Yasser Arafat stirred up a furor in Israel when
- remarks he had made at a Johannesburg mosque on May 10 were
- broadcast. Arafat called for a "jihad to liberate Jerusalem."
- Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin deemed the comment a violation
- of the Chairman's pledge to forgo violence and threatened to
- stop the peace process. Arafat explained that he had used "jihad"
- in its general sense to mean "struggle," in this case a peaceful
- one, rather than "holy war," as Westerners and Israelis usually
- interpret the word. The Israelis reluctantly accepted his explanation
- and continued discussions on turning over the rest of the West
- Bank to the P.L.O.
- </p>
- <p> While the Gaza Strip remained tense at week's end, P.L.O. leaders
- said they were sanguine that they would soon manage to quiet
- the enclave. Freih Abu Middain, a leading P.L.O. official in
- Gaza, estimated that it would take a week for Palestinian security
- forces to establish order. There was powerful motivation, since
- Israel has made further withdrawals in the West Bank conditional
- on the success of the Gaza-Jericho experiment. "We have an enormous
- responsibility to protect our achievements," said Lieut. Colonel
- Munther Irshaid, the P.L.O. officer in charge of municipal affairs
- in Jericho. "We cannot afford mistakes." On that, Israelis and
- Palestinians were in total agreement last week.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-